Anti-Corruption Education in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of Global Practices and Local Applicability

Abstract

.  This systematic literature review analyses 42 empirical studies (2015-2025) to identify effective anti-corruption education strategies for Indonesia, where corruption remains entrenched despite constitutional mandates for a just society. Five evidence-based approaches emerge as impactful: (1) early childhood intervention, (2) interactive pedagogical methods, (3) cross-curricular integration, (4) cultural/religious value alignment, and (5) multi-stakeholder partnerships. Comparative analysis reveals that comprehensive programs combining formal training (e.g., PAKSI's certified instructor model) with community empowerment achieve sustainable results, as demonstrated by South Korea's curriculum integration and Qatar's cultural adaptation.

While Indonesia's initiatives show promise, implementation challenges persist, including resource disparities, uneven teacher preparedness, and cultural perceptions of corruption. The review proposes a dual-pathway solution: (a) institutionalizing evidence-based training programs (modelled after PAKSI's Kirkpatrick-evaluated framework) and (b) optimizing community networks through religious education and family engagement. Study limitations include geographical bias in research and inconsistent evaluation methodologies. Future research should emphasize longitudinal studies of formal-community hybrid models and standardized assessment frameworks. This review contributes practical insights for policymakers operationalizing constitutional anti-corruption principles through education reform.